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Olhão ((:oˈʎɐ̃w)), or Olhão da Restauração, is a municipality and urban community in the Algarve region of southern Portugal. The population in 2011 was 45,396,〔(Instituto Nacional de Estatística )〕 in an area of 130.86 km².〔(Direção-Geral do Território )〕 Located near the regional capital Faro, it is a fishing port, home of the ''Bela'' brand sardines and Conserveira do Sul's Manná range of processed fish products. Along with Faro, Loulé, and Tavira, Olhão forms a conurbation with the city of Faro, from the eastern and central Algarve. ==History== Since pre-history, Olhão has had vestiges of human occupation, although the oldest written record dates only from 1378, referring to a place called ''Olham''. The estuary and abundance of water were decisive factors that influenced fishermen, at the beginning of the 17th century, to congregate along the beach of Olhão.〔 The settlement developed even as officials in Faro discouraged concentration along this coast.〔 Yet, the growth of activity here was impulsed by the protection, after the middle of the 17th century, offered by the Fortress of São Lourenço, which guarded the coast and entrance to the estuary, discouraging attacks from corsairs.〔 The incremental growth of the fishery along the coast and sea, and commercial enterprises associated their growth, provoked a leap in population.〔 As a result, in 1695, the residents requested from the Bishop of Faro, that Olhão should be deannexed from the parish of Quelfes: resulting in the formation of the parish of ''Nossa Senhora do Rosário de Olhão''.〔 During the French occupation of the Algarve, during the Peninsular Wars, Olhão was notable for one of the few public uprisings against the occupiers, occurring on 16 June 1808.〔 This revolt culimnated in the expulsion of the French from Olhão and, as a result, from the rest of the Algarve.〔 It was during this period, that a month later, a small group of 17 men embarked to Brazil on a ''caique'' (a small sailing vessel) named ''Bom Sucesso'', in the hope of promoting the Algarvean success to the Portuguese Court.〔 The crew brought an ex-official statement describing the audacious attitude of the Olhanese revolt.〔 A replica of the boat is moored at Olhão's waterfront. In recompense, a regal charter (with the force of law) was signed by the Prince Regent John to distinguish Olhão, and its inhabitants, transforming the location from a locality to town, and ordering that it be referred to as ''Vila de Olhão da Restauração''.〔 The transformation, resulted in the creation of a new municipality, with local autonomy, beginning in 1826.〔 In this year, the municipal council hall was erected and a ''juiz de fora'' was instituted to preside over the councilmen.〔 In 1835, the parish of Moncarapacho began to function as a suburb of Olhão, and in the following year, the municipal council took control of the parishes of Olhão, Quelfes, Pechão and part of Moncarapacho.〔 A judicial division of Portugal in 1874, resulted in the definitive demarcation of the municipality of Olhão, constituted by the five parishes of Olhão, Moncarapacho, Quelfes, Pechão and Fuseta.〔 Over time the small town of fishermen grew into an economic, social and urban centre, resulting in its elevation in city in 1985.〔 In recent years, it has also developed a growing tourist industry. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Olhão」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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